Quản lý package trên ubuntu/debian

Nguồn
http://www.familug.org/2013/09/cli-cac-lenh-quan-ly-package-tren.html#more

1. Tìm tên Package:

                 ~ $ apt-cache search ten-chuong-trinh

Tên của chương trình không có nghĩa là tên của package đó
mà muốn cài đặt một chương trình thì bạn phải biết được tên package của chương trình đó

ví dụ bạn muốn cài flak - một micro web flamework

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ sudo apt-get install flask
[sudo] password for thanhnguyen1010:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree      
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package flask

không có tên package nào là flask
để tìm tên package:

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ apt-cache search flask
libselinux1 - SELinux runtime shared libraries
libselinux1-dev - SELinux development headers
libsepol1 - SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
checkpolicy - SELinux policy compiler
libsemanage-common - Common files for SELinux policy management libraries.
libsemanage-ruby1.8 - Ruby bindings to for SELinux policy management
libsemanage1 - SELinux policy management library.
libsemanage1-dev - Header files and libraries for SELinux policy manipulation
policycoreutils - SELinux core policy utilities
python-flask - micro web framework based on Werkzeug, Jinja2 and good intentions
python-flaskext.wtf - Simple integration of Flask and WTForms
python-selinux - Python bindings to SELinux shared libraries
python-semanage - Python bindings for SELinux policy management
python-uwsgicc - uWSGI control center
ruby-selinux - Ruby bindings to SELinux shared libraries

==> để cài flask, bạn phải cài:
~$ apt-cache search python-flask

done

bonus: bạn có thể dùng ' | grep  keyword' để kết quả chi tiết hơn
vd :

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ apt-cache search flask | grep python
python-flask - micro web framework based on Werkzeug, Jinja2 and good intentions
python-flaskext.wtf - Simple integration of Flask and WTForms
python-selinux - Python bindings to SELinux shared libraries
python-semanage - Python bindings for SELinux policy management
python-uwsgicc - uWSGI control center



2. Hiện thông tin về một package
     
                           ~$ apt-cache show tên-package

ví dụ:
thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ apt-cache show python-flask
Package: python-flask
Priority: optional
Section: universe/python
Installed-Size: 596
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Piotr Ożarowski <piotr@debian.org>
Architecture: all
Source: flask
Version: 0.8-1
Depends: python2.7, python (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2), python (<< 2.8), python-werkzeug (>= 0.8), python-jinja2 (>= 2.4)
Recommends: python-pkg-resources
Filename: pool/universe/f/flask/python-flask_0.8-1_all.deb
Size: 71162
MD5sum: 4fdf6149d8517e7f9fe18075de845e72
SHA1: 9c2081930892e72298101001cfb6bb8fda56220a
SHA256: a14dd76a725c1cd2b3140c264fd6ff3fbf8e2147e6bd09daca866e50a27d0d0a
Description-en: micro web framework based on Werkzeug, Jinja2 and good intentions
 Flask is a micro web framework for Python based on Werkzeug, Jinja 2 and good
 intentions. A minimal Flask application looks like that:
 .
   from flask import Flask
   app = Flask(__name__)
 .
   @app.route("/")
   def hello():
       return "Hello World!"
 .
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       app.run()
Homepage: http://flask.pocoo.org/
Description-md5: af80b4121514ac9080cae2382910000f
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu

Tương tự, để tìm hiểu chi tiết hơn về một attribute của package đó bạn dùng
 "| grep"
ví dụ:
thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ apt-cache show python-flask | grep Version
Version: 0.8-1

3. Danh sách các package đã cài:

                                       ~$ dpkg -l

chi tiết hơn về các package có liên quan đến vim, nghĩa là có từ Vim trong tên package hoặc phần mô tả:
$ dpkg -l '*vim*'
ví dụ:

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ dpkg -l '*vim*'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version        Description
+++-==============-==============-============================================
ii  vim            2:7.3.429-2ubu Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
un  vim-athena     <none>         (no description available)
ii  vim-common     2:7.3.429-2ubu Vi IMproved - Common files
un  vim-doc        <none>         (no description available)
un  vim-gnome      <none>         (no description available)
un  vim-gtk        <none>         (no description available)
un  vim-nox        <none>         (no description available)
ii  vim-runtime    2:7.3.429-2ubu Vi IMproved - Runtime files
un  vim-scripts    <none>         (no description available)
ii  vim-tiny       2:7.3.429-2ubu Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact v

hoặc

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ dpkg -l | grep vim
ii  vim                                         2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1                        Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
ii  vim-common                                  2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1                        Vi IMproved - Common files
ii  vim-runtime                                 2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1                        Vi IMproved - Runtime files
ii  vim-tiny                                    2:7.3.429-2ubuntu2.1                        Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version


4. Tên các thư mục trong package

         ~$ dpkg -L ten_package


ví dụ:
thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ dpkg -L Vim
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/vim.basic
/usr/share
/usr/share/bug
/usr/share/bug/vim
/usr/share/bug/vim/presubj
/usr/share/bug/vim/script
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/vim
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/vim

Với các package có nhiều file, ban có thể thêm "| head" để hiển thị 10 file đầu tiên

thanhnguyen1010@thanhnguyen1010-Satellite-L640:~$ dpkg -L ipython | head
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/ipcluster
/usr/bin/ipcontroller
/usr/bin/ipengine
/usr/bin/iplogger
/usr/bin/ipython
/usr/bin/irunner
/usr/bin/pycolor